| Type of Service |
Engineering, Procurement and Construction |
Engineering, Procurement and Construction Management |
Project and Construction Management |
| Responsibility |
Contractor handles full project lifecycle: design, materials, construction |
Contractor manages project while client arranges resources |
Contractor represents client, assuming agency on behalf of client |
| Decision Making Authority |
Contractor responsible for projects delivery |
Contractor advises; client holds responsibility |
Contractor advises; client holds responsibility |
| Risk |
Contractor bears higher risk |
Client bears more risk but has control over decisions |
Contractor pushes more risk onto service providers to de-risk client position |
| Project Control |
Contractor has more control over project details |
Client maintains greater control over project aspects |
Client maintains complete control over project aspects |
| Cost |
Fixed cost; changes may lead to cost escalation |
More cost control, potential for client savings |
Client in control of cost; contractor advises decisions to the betterment of the overall project |
| Procurement |
Contractor handles procurement of materials |
Client manages procurement, under contractor guidance |
Client manages procurement, under contractor guidance |
| Change Management |
Less flexible in accommodating client changes |
More flexibility to adapt to client's changing needs |
Client in control of change; contractor advises decisions to the betterment of the overall project |
